Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
Since 1991, Carlos A. Ramirez-Gamonal (The Australian National University) and Bertha
Herrera Mejia (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo), have been carrying out an architectural
investigation of the Huaca del Sol, the largest Precolumbian pyramid, located in the Moche
Valley, Trujillo.
Preliminary results of the investigation, which involved the study of several profiles, has
revealed that the pyramid was constructed in levels. Each level represented one independent
project with a distinct design. The construction of these is characterized by four events: preparing
the surface foundation, building of structures, use or occupation of the levels, and finally,
sealing.
Two units, located in the west sector of Section 3, produced a sequence of 11 levels of
construction projects. In Level II a ramp was found, representing one of the main entrances that
ascended to the central nuclear area of the pyramid.
The results of the study of soils from the materials used to build the pyramid (adobe, mortar, and
plaster), indicate that they came from the diverse geological deposits located in the left bank of
the Moche River. This suggests that the adobes were produced near the building site.
The investigation has also revealed the remains of architectural traditions from the Gallinazo
period, in terms of the technology used in the manufacture of the building materials (adobes) and
also the construction techniques. It suggests, at least, that the first levels of construction (Moche
Phase II) were built by a Gallinazo population that was controlled by the Mochica state.
It is believed that the construction of the distinct levels or projects was carried out using the
chuta system, which is reflected in the segmentation of construction. Research is continuing to
further distinguish and define the elements of the construction process and its ideological basis.
